Create Your Personalised Information Digest Utilizing AI Brokers

Introduction

The capabilities of massive language fashions (LLMs) are advancing quickly. They permit us to construct a wide range of LLM functions. These vary from activity automation to workflow optimization. One thrilling software is utilizing LLMs to create an clever information digest or e-newsletter agent. This agent can pull in related content material, summarize it, and ship it in a personalized format. It will probably work together dynamically with exterior instruments and knowledge sources to fetch related info. On this article, allow us to learn to construct a information digest agent for a customized every day information digest with LangGraph and exterior instruments like Information API.

Overview

• Perceive the structure of LangGraph and its key elements (State, Nodes, and Edges) to construct customizable workflow brokers.
• Learn to combine exterior APIs like NewsAPI to fetch real-time knowledge for dynamic content material technology in newsletters.
• Develop the talents to make use of LLMs for content material analysis by implementing a scoring system that ranks information articles based mostly on high quality standards.
• Achieve sensible information of automating e-mail supply with curated content material utilizing Python’s email-sending libraries.

Transient About LangGraph

LangGraph is constructed on high of LangChain. LangGraph is a framework designed for constructing dynamic workflows that combine LLMs with customized logic and instruments. This permits for extremely personalized and complicated workflows that mix a number of instruments and APIs.

LangGraph consists of three core elements:

1. State: The State comprises the information that’s shared all through the applying. It may be any Python knowledge construction that may maintain the information. We will outline it utilizing a State object with totally different parameters. Alternatively, we will additionally use pre-built MessagesState which might comprise solely a listing of messages.
2. Nodes: Nodes are capabilities that may learn and modify the State. These capabilities take the State as the primary argument to learn or write to the State. We even have a START node to indicate which node will take the consumer enter and be known as first and an END node to indicate the top of the graph.
3. Edges: Edges outline the move of knowledge by means of totally different nodes. We even have conditional edges which use a perform to find out which node to go to subsequent. The benefit of LangGraph is that we will customise the agent in some ways. So, there may be multiple method to construct this agent.

As proven within the picture, edges join nodes, and nodes learn or write the information within the State.

Additionally Learn: Optimize Your Organisation’s E-mail Advertising and marketing with GenAI Brokers

Conditions

Earlier than we begin constructing the LLM agent, let’s be certain that we have now the required keys and passwords.

Accessing an LLM by way of API

Start by producing an API key for the LLM you might be utilizing. Create a textual content file with the identify ‘.env’. Retailer this key securely in a .env file to maintain it non-public and simply accessible inside your undertaking.

Right here’s an instance of how a .env file seems like

Fetching Information Knowledge

To collect information content material, we are going to use https://newsapi.org/. Join an API key and retailer it in the identical .env file for safe entry.

Sending the E-mail

To ship e-mail utilizing Python, we will allow ‘much less safe apps’ and retailer the Gmail password within the .env file. If that choice is just not accessible, we will achieve entry to Gmail by following the steps talked about right here.

Libraries Required

We now have used the next variations for the foremost libraries:

• langchain – 0.2.14
• langgraph – 0.2.14
• langchain-openai – 0.1.14
• newsapi-python – 0.2.7

Outline the Utility Move

The objective is to question the agent utilizing pure language to assemble information on a selected subject and get the e-newsletter by way of e-mail. To implement this move, we are going to first outline three instruments to deal with every key activity after which construct the agent to name the LLM and instruments.

The three instruments are as follows:

1. Fetching the Information: The Information API retrieves related information articles based mostly on the parsed question.
2. Scoring the Information: The fetched articles are handed to a different LLM, which evaluates and scores them for high quality. The output is a listing of articles sorted by their high quality rating.
3. Delivering the Information: The highest-scoring articles are formatted right into a well-readable e-mail and despatched to the consumer.

Now we will begin defining the capabilities.

Get Information

Import the mandatory libraries and cargo the .env file

import os 
import json
import pandas as pd
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from IPython.show import Picture, show
from typing import Record, Literal, Elective, TypedDict, Annotated
from langchain_core.instruments import instrument
from langchain_openai import ChatOpenAI

from dotenv import load_dotenv

load_dotenv('/.env')

# various to the .env file we will additionally use the .txt file as follows
with open('mykey.txt', 'r') as file:
    openai_key = file.learn()
    
os.environ['OPENAI_API_KEY'] = openai_key

Provoke the news_api from NewsApiClient and API key

from newsapi import NewsApiClient

NEWS_API_KEY = os.environ['NEWS_API_KEY']

news_api = NewsApiClient(api_key=NEWS_API_KEY)

Now let’s outline the LangChain instrument utilizing the ‘instrument’ decorator from LangChain

@instrument
def get_news(question: str, past_days: int, domains: str):
    """
    Get information on the given parameters like question, past_days, and so forth.
    Args:
        question: search information about this subject
        past_days: For what number of days up to now ought to we search?
        domains: search information in these assets
    """
    as we speak = datetime.as we speak()
    from_date = as we speak - timedelta(days=past_days)
    news_details = news_api.get_everything(q=question, from_param=from_date, domains=domains,
                                           sort_by='relevancy')
    return news_details

The agent also can type the articles based mostly on relevancy. Right here’s an instance of how the output of this perform seems like:

‘@instrument’ decorator is used to outline langchain instrument. Then we will bind this instrument to the LLM. Within the above perform, the doc string can be vital. That’s what will get handed to the LLM as a immediate to have these arguments within the output of the tool-calling LLM.

# initialize the LLM
gpt = ChatOpenAI(mannequin="gpt-4o-mini", temperature=0)

# we will bind the instrument to the LLM in order that the LLM can return the instrument based mostly on the question.
gpt_with_tools = gpt.bind_tools([get_news])

Rating Information

The score_news perform processes information articles by scoring them based mostly on predefined standards. Then the perform returns a sorted listing of the highest-quality articles.

Import the required strategies

from langchain_core.pydantic_v1 import BaseModel, Discipline
from langchain_core.prompts import ChatPromptTemplate, PromptTemplate
from langchain_core.messages import HumanMessage

Allow us to outline the perform

def score_news(news_details: dict):
    """
    Calculate rating for news_articles and kind them by the rating.
        news_details: all of the information articles    
    
    """
    # entry the final message of the state for the articles.
    # passing all of the articles to the LLM will enhance the price. 
    # we will select to attain just some articles.
    json_articles = json.hundreds(news_details['messages'][-1].content material)['articles']
    if len(json_articles) > 15:
        articles = json_articles[:15]
    else:
        articles = json_articles
    
    # system immediate to information the LLM to attain the articles.
    system_prompt = """
    You're a information high quality evaluator.
    I'll give you a information article, with a title, description, and truncated content material and different particulars. 
    Analyze and rating the information article based mostly on the next standards:

    Readability: How properly the article conveys the message in a concise and comprehensible method.
        Scale: 1 (unclear) to 25 (very clear)

    Credibility: Based mostly on the outline and different particulars offered, how probably is the article to be credible and factually correct?
        Scale: 1 (not credible) to 25 (extremely credible)

    Engagement potential: How probably the article is to seize the reader's consideration or provoke additional thought.
        Scale: 1 (not partaking) to 25 (very partaking)

    Affect: How important or influential the article is by way of its potential societal, technological, or political penalties.
        Scale: 1 (minimal affect) to 25 (excessive affect)

    Present the overall rating out of 100 for the information article, including the scores for every of the above standards.

    You'll be evaluating quite a bit information articles. So, rating them such that we will type all of them later.

    """
    prompt_template = ChatPromptTemplate.from_messages([("system", system_prompt), ("human", "{news}")])

    
    # outline pydantic class to get the output in a structured format.
   
    class Information(BaseModel):
        """Information scoring system"""
    
        total_score: int = Discipline(description='whole rating for the information article')
        
        supply: str = Discipline(description="The supply of the information")
        writer: Elective[str] = Discipline(default=None, description="The writer to the information")
        
        title: str = Discipline(description="The title of the information")
        description: str = Discipline(description="The outline to the information")
        
        url: str = Discipline(description="The url of the information")
        urlToImage: Elective[str] = Discipline(default=None, description="The picture url of the information")

    # GPT 4o performs higher at scoring however extra expensive.
    gpt_4o = ChatOpenAI(mannequin="gpt-4o", temperature=0)
    structured_gpt = gpt_4o.with_structured_output(Information)
    chain = prompt_template | structured_gpt
    
    # ship every article to the LLM to get the rating with the opposite particulars.
    outcomes = [chain.invoke({'news': article}).dict() for article in articles]

    # type the articles by whole rating.
    df = pd.DataFrame(outcomes).sort_values(by='total_score', ascending=False)
    
    return {"messages": [HumanMessage(content=df.to_dict(orient="records"))]}

The perform takes the state because the enter with the identify as news_details. For the reason that state has all of the messages, we will entry the final message for the articles. We will select to attain just some articles from the highest to save lots of the prices. We will strive totally different system prompts to get the most effective scoring system.

It’s simpler to course of the information if the output is in an outlined format. So, we will use LLM with structured output, the place the construction is outlined utilizing the Pydantic class.

Then we will rating every article and retailer them in a dataframe. As soon as we type the articles utilizing the overall rating and add them as a message to the state.

Rationalization

1. Enter

The perform receives the state object as enter, which comprises all messages. The newest message from this state holds the information articles. To reduce prices, as a substitute of scoring all articles, we will restrict the variety of articles.

2. Scoring Course of

We offer an in depth system immediate to the LLM, instructing it to attain every article based mostly on the standards given within the system immediate.

The LLM evaluates every article based mostly on the standards outlined within the system immediate and assigns a complete rating out of 100, including scores of every criterion.

3. Structured Output

To make sure the output is structured and simple to course of, we outline a Pydantic mannequin (Information). This mannequin contains fields like `total_score`, `title`, `description`, and `url`. Through the use of this structured format, the LLM can return constant, well-organized outcomes.

4. LLM Integration

We use GPT-4o, recognized for its accuracy in structured duties, to attain the articles. It’s discovered that GPT-4o is healthier than GPT-4o-mini in ranking the articles. Every article is handed by means of the LLM, and the outcomes are transformed right into a dictionary format utilizing Pydantic.

5. Sorting and Output

After scoring all of the articles, we retailer them in a Pandas DataFrame, type them by their `total_score` in descending order.  Then we will return the sorted listing as a message to the State, prepared for use within the subsequent a part of the workflow.

Ship E-mail

The send_email perform takes a listing of sorted information articles, generates an HTML e-mail, and sends it to the recipient.

Import the libraries

import smtplib, ssl
import base64
import e-mail

outline the send_email perform

def send_email(sorted_news):
 
    # get the sorted information from the final message of the state.
    articles = sorted_news['messages'][-1].content material
    
    # If the news_article has picture, we will show it within the e-mail.
    news_items_html = ""
    for article in articles[:10]:
        if article['urlToImage'] is just not None:
            news_items_html += f"""
            <div class="news-item">
                <img src="{article['urlToImage']}" alt="{article['title']}">
                <div>
                    <h3><a href="{article['url']}">{article['title']}</a></h3>
                    <p>{article['description']}</p>
                </div>
            </div>
            """
        else:
            news_items_html += f"""
            <div class="news-item">
                <div>
                    <h3><a href="{article['url']}">{article['title']}</a></h3>
                    <p>{article['description']}</p>
                </div>
            </div>
            """
            
    # CSS for styling the HTML message. we add the above 'news_items_html' right here.
    html = f"""
        <html>
        <head>
            <type>
                physique {{
                    font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
                    background-color: #c4c4c4;
                    margin: 0;
                    padding: 0;
                }}
                .container {{
                    width: 80%;
                    max-width: 600px;
                    margin: 0 auto;
                    background-color: #ffffff;
                    padding: 20px;
                    box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
                }}
                h1 {{
                    text-align: heart;
                    shade: #333;
                }}
                .news-item {{
                    show: flex;
                    align-items: heart;
                    justify-content: space-between;
                    border-bottom: 1px strong #eeeeee;
                    padding: 15px 0;
                }}
                .news-item h3 {{
                    margin: 0;
                    font-size: 16px;
                    shade: #007BFF;
                    margin-left: 5px;
                }}
                .news-item p {{
                    font-size: 14px;
                    shade: #666666;
                    margin: 5px 0;
                    margin-left: 5px;
                }}
                .news-item a {{
                    shade: #007BFF;
                    text-decoration: none;
                }}
                .news-item img {{
                    width: 100px;
                    peak: 100px;
                    object-fit: cowl;
                    border-radius: 8px;
                }}
                .footer {{
                    margin-top: 20px;
                    text-align: heart;
                    font-size: 12px;
                    shade: #999999;
                }}
            </type>
        </head>
        <physique>
            <div class="container">
                <h1>Curated Information</h1>
                {news_items_html}
                <div class="footer">
                    <p>That is your personalised e-newsletter.</p>
                </div>
            </div>
        </physique>
        </html>
    """
    
    port = 465  # For SSL

    sender_email = "[email protected]"
    password = os.environ['GMAIL_PASSWORD']
    
    context = ssl.create_default_context()
 
    # add the content material for the e-mail
    mail = e-mail.message.EmailMessage()
    mail['To'] = "[email protected]"
    mail['From'] = "[email protected]"
    mail['Subject'] = "Information Digest"
    mail.set_content(html, subtype="html")

    
    with smtplib.SMTP_SSL("smtp.gmail.com", port, context=context) as server:
        server.login(sender_email, password)
        server.send_message(mail)

Rationalization

1. Extracting Sorted Information

The perform begins by accessing the sorted information articles from the final message within the State. We restrict the variety of articles displayed within the e-mail to the highest 10.

2. Producing HTML Content material

The perform dynamically constructs the HTML for every information article. If an article contains a picture (`urlToImage`), the picture is embedded within the e-mail subsequent to the article’s title, hyperlink, and outline. In any other case, solely the title and outline are displayed. This HTML block (`news_items_html`) is generated utilizing a loop that processes every article.

3. HTML and CSS Styling

The HTML e-mail is styled utilizing embedded CSS to make sure a visually interesting format. The types cowl:

• Container: The primary e-mail content material is wrapped in a centered container with a white background and refined shadow.
• Information Gadgets: Every information article is displayed with its title (as a clickable hyperlink), description, and optionally a picture. The format makes use of flexbox to align the picture and textual content aspect by aspect, with a border separating every information merchandise.

4. Composing the E-mail

The e-mail is ready up utilizing Python’s `e-mail.message.EmailMessage` class. The HTML content material, topic line (“Information Digest”), sender, and recipient are specified. The HTML is included as the principle content material utilizing `mail.set_content(html, subtype=’html’)`.

5. Sending the E-mail

The perform makes use of Gmail’s SMTP server to ship the e-mail securely by way of SSL (port 465). The sender’s Gmail credentials are fetched from the atmosphere variable `GMAIL_PASSWORD` to keep away from hardcoding delicate info. After logging into the SMTP server, the e-mail is shipped to the recipient.

Constructing the Agent

Allow us to construct the agent based mostly on the instruments and capabilities outlined above.

Step 1. Defining capabilities to name the fashions and instruments.

from langgraph.prebuilt import ToolNode
from langgraph.graph import StateGraph, MessagesState, START, END

# perform to name the mannequin which return the instrument based mostly on the question.
def call_model(state: MessagesState):
    messages = state["messages"]
    response = gpt_with_tools.invoke(messages)
    return {"messages": [response]}
    
# if the final message from the above LLM is tool_calls then we return "instruments"
def call_tools(state: MessagesState) -> Literal["tools", END]:
    messages = state["messages"]
    last_message = messages[-1]
    if last_message.tool_calls:
        return "instruments"
    return END

Step 2. Constructing the workflow graph. Now we will use all of the outlined capabilities to construct the agent.

#create a instrument node with perform in order that we will use this within the graph. 
get_news_tool = ToolNode([get_news])


workflow = StateGraph(MessagesState)

# We begin the agent from the call_model perform.
workflow.add_node("LLM", call_model)
workflow.add_edge(START, "LLM")

# Add the get_news_tool, which is named from the above LLM based mostly on the question.
workflow.add_node("instruments", get_news_tool)
workflow.add_conditional_edges("LLM", call_tools)

# then we hook up with the score_news perform from get_news perform
workflow.add_node("rating", score_news)
workflow.add_edge("instruments", "rating")

# then we hook up with the send_email perform from score_news perform
workflow.add_node("mail", send_email)
workflow.add_edge("rating", "mail")

# we will finish with the agent after sending the mail
workflow.add_edge("mail", END)

Step 3. Compiling the graph.

agent = workflow.compile()
show(Picture(agent.get_graph().draw_mermaid_png()))

Now we will name the agent with a question.

let’s use a question that has fewer information to print the outputs at every step of the agent.

question = "what is the information on Inidan cricket crew up to now month from cricinfo?"

# this question will go the START node.
inputs = {"messages": [("user", query)]}

async for chunk in agent.astream(inputs, stream_mode="values"):
    chunk["messages"][-1].pretty_print()

The output might be within the format proven beneath. If no articles are returned, we will change the question.

As we will see, we begin with the question. The LLM will then name the instrument ‘get_news’. Then, the instrument returns all of the articles. The ‘score_news’ perform will then course of them and output a listing of articles with scores. Then ‘send_email’ perform sends the e-mail, although there isn’t any output within the state.

On this means, we will question the agent about any subject and get an e-mail with curated information.

Conclusion

Constructing a e-newsletter agent utilizing LangGraph and LLMs affords a robust method to automate information curation and supply. By combining real-time knowledge, clever scoring, and personalised e-mail supply, this strategy streamlines the creation of personalized newsletters, enhancing reader engagement and content material relevance effortlessly.

Often Requested Questions