COMMENTARY
Because the 2024 US presidential election approaches, cybersecurity is a frequent matter of dialog. From my time within the intelligence group supporting the Division of Protection, I am acquainted with authorities planning round elections. Whereas probably the most mentioned threats for 2024 are nation-state misinformation and disinformation, this election season, I am additionally following cybersecurity threats to municipal election techniques.
The excellent news is the specter of an precise impactful disruption is low. Because the US has funneled vital assets into securing elections over the previous decade, US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Safety Company (CISA) lead Jen Easterly stated election infrastructure “has by no means been safer.” Nonetheless, that does not imply risk actors aren’t more likely to try some type of assaults, reminiscent of web site defacements or distributed denial of service (DDoS) assaults towards municipal election web sites.
Listed below are the 4 threats towards native election techniques we are going to almost definitely hear about in 2024:
Voting Machine Hacking
Probably the most high-profile risk to US elections is voting machine hacking. Nonetheless, voting machines are hardly ever related on to the Web, which aligns with present cybersecurity pointers. This implies probably the most lifelike risk vector would require bodily entry to the machines, in response to F5 Labs, a priority addressed by means of anti-tampering and bodily safety pointers across the nation. Whereas cyber vulnerabilities inside voting machines exist — as demonstrated yearly on the DEFCON Voting Village hacking occasion — so far, there have been no stories of cyberattacks taking voting machines offline or altering votes, regardless of the clear worth of such a functionality to US adversaries.
DDoS Assaults
DDoS assaults are a much less disruptive however extra frequent risk to US elections. Election monitoring and data web sites leveraging Google’s Mission Defend DDoS safety providers skilled a 400% improve in weekly assaults throughout the 2022 midterms. Whereas a number of corporations like Cloudflare provide free DDoS safety providers to election-related web sites, some websites are nonetheless happening. Mississippi’s election web sites have been briefly taken offline in 2022 by a DDoS assault claimed by a pro-Russia hacking group. Nonetheless, the assault didn’t influence voting outcomes or availability.
Given the elevated profile of the presidential election, we are able to anticipate to see DDoS on a bigger scale in 2024. Nonetheless, as CISA and the FBI said in a July 31 alert, these assaults wouldn’t stop voters from casting their ballots.
Ransomware
The FBI and CISA launched the same alert on Aug. 15 associated to ransomware disruptions, reassuring the general public that any assault alongside these strains wouldn’t compromise the safety or accuracy of voting. Ransomware teams will doubtless goal municipalities — already a standard goal — within the run-up to the elections.
As an example, a ransomware assault in April pressured a Georgia county to quickly disconnect from the state’s voter registration system as a precautionary measure — highlighting disruptions that might happen round entry to voter knowledge or different election info. Nonetheless, the FBI and CISA famous, “Any profitable ransomware assault on election infrastructure tracked by FBI and CISA has remained localized and efficiently managed with minimal disruption to election operations and no influence on the safety and accuracy of poll casting or tabulation processes or techniques.” Much like DDoS assaults, no reporting suggests ransomware assaults have ever prevented a vote from being forged.
Web site Defacement and Electronic mail Entry
Web site defacements are one other widespread risk, the place attackers take over election-related websites to change knowledge or pictures. These assaults can both goal to embarrass the location proprietor or subtly manipulate info, reminiscent of polling outcomes or polling station hours.
In 2020, a risk actor briefly took over the marketing campaign web site for then President Trump, posting a derogatory message and looking for cost in return for not releasing knowledge they claimed to have stolen. Whereas these assaults could happen and will trigger native disruptions, they might not influence the flexibility to vote or tally votes.
Hybrid cyber-physical threats, such because the rising use of emails or spoofed telephone numbers to ship pretend bomb threats or conduct swatting assaults, additionally current a priority, the place false eventualities are reported to impress a big police response. In 2018, a months-long marketing campaign concentrating on US colleges and companies prompted evacuations, police responses, and main disruptions. Comparable assaults on election day might goal polling stations, election places of work, or ballot-counting websites.
Lastly, risk actors (notably nation-states) will proceed to focus on e-mail accounts of political operatives and organizations. The US intelligence group has already attributed social engineering assaults concentrating on each main US political events to Iran. These assaults aimed to entry delicate or embarrassing info to affect the US election, highlighting the frequency of politically motivated social engineering assaults and the significance of safe, distinctive passwords and multifactor authentication.
Safeguarding the Vote
Whereas cyberattacks will undoubtedly goal US election infrastructure over the following few months, it is necessary to put these occasions within the context of the protections put in place. Federal, state, native, and tribal governments, in addition to worldwide allies, have all been monitoring these threats and implementing mitigations and contingencies to assist guarantee a safe and clean election.
Whereas the 2024 election may even see varied cyber threats, current safety measures and coordination throughout all ranges of presidency goal to attenuate their influence. Voters ought to keep knowledgeable and depend on official sources to make sure their participation is just not disrupted.